Bank of England

Bank of England So as to encourage monetary recuperation, the Bank of England (BoE) and the UK government have recommended that significant business banks should raise some extra  £25 billion by December 31, 2013 (Wilson, 2013).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Bank of England explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Issuing the announcement on March 2013, the Financial Policy Committee in BoE called attention to that, a few banks were in danger of losing about  £50 billion in the following years dependent on terrible advances and related fines. The treasury anyway showed that citizens would not be required to spend more cash on state-upheld loan specialists, accordingly implying that the banks would need to discover methods of collecting the necessary cash freely (Wilson, 2013). Clarifying that the recuperation of the UK economy requires solid banks, BoE underscored the significance of the budgetary foundations to self-fix by reinforcing their monetary record s. In a 2012 report, BoE had expressed that the specialists (for example the administration), may give incidentally subsidizing to banks that are required to recapitalise and can't get to advertise financing right away. Where in all actuality, the financing will empower banks meet their liquidity needs for the time being (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Bank of England, 2012). To access such financing in any case, the banks would need to protect it with security. BoE has prompted the UK banks to: rebuild (and recoil the size of venture banking exercises); slice the rewards granted to workers; and decrease rewards paid to financial specialists so as to meet the  £25 billion setback. Joined, all the three methodologies proposed by Wilson (2013) will support the banks’ capital stores, albeit a few examiners have anticipated some transient outcomes are unavoidable. One such outcome has been distinguished as the danger of losing equipped staff to firms that are happy to re pay them all the more well (Wilson, 2013) Although not a necessity by either BoE or the UK government, it is contended that the  £25 billion recapitalisation will in the end influence banks’ ability to lend.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Bank of England. (2012). Settling all inclusive dynamic, deliberately significant money related organizations. Recovered from bankofengland.co.uk/distributions/Documents/news/2012/nr156.pdf Wilson, H. (2013). English banks must psychologist, cut rewards, decrease profits to meet 25bn deficiency. The Telegraph. Recovered from telegraph.co.uk/account/newsbysector/banksandfinance/9956281/British-banks-must-contract slice rewards diminish profits to-meet-25bn-shortfall.html Article 2: In request to encourage monetary recuperation, the United Kingdom government and the Ban k of England (BoE) have suggested that business banks set their capital base by  £25bn by end of year (2013). As far back as September 2012, the Financial Policy Committee (FPC) expressed there was a requirement for banks to raise increasingly capital remotely rather than basically depending on the decrease of rewards and profits (Aldrick, 2012). The significant prerequisites to the banks are: Recapitalise and fortify monetary records before the finish of 2013 Raise the required capital autonomously without including citizens Seek briefly subsidizing from the administration if incapable to raise the necessary capital promptly (or inside the specified time) Have guarantee to make sure about the transitory supports looked for from UK specialists BoE has likewise proposed a few different ways through which the banks can raise (some portion) of the capital prerequisites inside. They include:Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Bank of England explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shrinking ventures for reasons for holding monetary liquidity Cut back on rewards given to bank workers and administrators Reduce profit installments to speculators (at any rate for the time being) (Wilson, 2013) The necessities by BoE and the UK government are intended to guarantee that the banks endure the following three years (up to and including 2015) without risking the investment funds of their clients. In 2012, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Bank of England (2012) discharged a report archiving a portion of the measures that the controllers would take to guarantee that purchasers were not presented to fundamental dangers by banks. One such measure was the necessity for banks to harden their capital base by guaranteeing that their accounting reports were sufficiently able to withstand any negative moves in the banks’ working condition. References Aldrick, P. (2012). Money related approach panel takes steps to drive banks in to raising progressively capital. The Telegraph. Recovered from telegraph.co.uk/account/newsbysector/banksandfinance/9570953/Financial-Policy-Committee-takes steps to-drive banks-into-raising-more-capital.html. Government Deposit Insurance Corporation Bank of England. (2012). Settling all inclusive dynamic, deliberately significant money related establishments. Recovered from bankofengland.co.uk/distributions/Documents/news/2012/nr156.pdf. Wilson, H. (2013). English banks must psychologist, cut rewards, decrease profits to meet 25bn setback. The Telegraph. Recovered from telegraph.co.uk/fund/newsbysector/banksandfinance/9956281/British-banks-must-contract slice rewards lessen profits to-meet-25bn-shortfall.html.

telescopes essays

telescopes articles The telescope has changed the world enormously by having the option to cause removed items to show up nearer and increasingly unmistakable. It helped researchers to find things that couldn't be seen by the unaided eye. For instance, a ton of things in space would have not been found in the event that it were not for the telescope. Likewise, it helped the universe of visual perception. It would not just let you see objects from far away, it would likewise assist you with checking whether you had an issue with it. It could likewise be utilized for different things: chasing, war, and making new disclosures. What might the world resemble without the telescope? I dont recognize what the world would resemble, however I some generally excellent reasons why it was acceptable that the telescope was made. Before there was the telescope individuals needed to make disclosures by judgment. They were not extremely exact disclosures. They additionally needed to simply utilize the unaided eye when they would need to utilize the unaided eye when taking a gander at inaccessible items that could have been effectively observed by the telescope. The telescope was one of the fundamental instruments of what has been known as the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. It uncovered unsuspected wonders in the hurls and affected the debate between supporters of the conventional space science, the universe, and the individuals who supported the unaided eye. It was the principal augmentation of keeps an eye on faculties and showed that conventional onlookers could see things that Aristotle had not longed for. It along these lines helped move expert in t he perception of nature from men to instruments. To put it plainly, it was the model of current logical instruments. Be that as it may, the telescope was not the creation of researchers; rather, it was the result of skilled workers. Consequently, a lot of its source is out of reach to us since skilled workers were by huge unskilled and along these lines generally frequently imperceptible. In spite of the fact that the amplifying and reducing properties of the arched and curved straightforward articles was known in Antiq... <!

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading March 15, 2018

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading March 15, 2018 In this regular feature, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). Your TBR list is about to get some new additions. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Elisa Shoenberger White Tears by Hari Kunzru: I picked this up because it was one of the more interesting ToB reads. And it pulled me in quickly. It is about the friendship of narrator Seth and his extremely wealthy yet troubled friend Carter who start a recording studio.  If you are audiophile and/or blues buff, this haunting story is for you. It’s partly a ghost story, discussion of the abuse of power and racism, and so much more. (paperback) Claire Handscombe The Perfect Girlfriend by Karen Hamilton: Everyone’s talking about this one on my Twitter feedâ€"it’s about a woman who won’t accept that her pilot boyfriend has broken up with her and takes a job as a flight attendant to keep an eye on him (and who knows what else she’ll do to him). Feels both appropriate and really unwise to take it with me on a flight to California, but I’ve got Lucy Vine’s probably hilarious  What Fresh Hell with me to switch to if it all gets too much! (UK ARC) Anthony Karcz A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine LEngle: because its never too late to read a book that you are positive you must have read at some point, but only have the vaguest recollections of from your childhood. Jamie Canaves What You Want To See (Roxane Weary #2) by Kristen Lepionka: I needed a good PI mystery to get lost into and I was a big fan of the first in the series, The Last Place You Look, so I bumped this up on my reading list. Cut to me up way past bedtime inhaling the first 200 pages because Lepionka has created a fantastic modern PI with an undercurrent feel of the classic PI novels. I really like Roxane Weary and equally root for her to succeed but also completely understand her struggles. I look forward to finishing the mystery but also am bummed it’s going to come to an end. (egalley) Deepali Agarwal Chinatown Days by Rita Chowdhury: I’m always behind on my goal to read more translations, and this one sounded well-researched and riveting, with a blurb by Amitav Ghosh to boot. (Aside: have you read Amitav Ghosh? Why haven’t you read Amitav Ghosh!?) The book is a translation of the Assamese novel Makam, a story of the community of Chinese Indians during the Indo-China war and its repercussions for those who were deported. (hardcover) Dana Staves Meaty by Samantha Irby: There was a lot of buzz about Samantha Irby’s newest book, We Are Never Meeting in Real Life, and her debut essay collection, Meaty, is being re-released this year. Samantha Irby’s writing is funny and real and defiant, and I love her voice. And funny essays about food are one of my great weaknesses. 100% here for this book. Rebecca Hussey Heart Berries by Terese Marie Mailhot: This memoir in essays is powerful. It’s a difficult readâ€"Mailhot has had many struggles in her life and she writes about them openly and honestlyâ€"but it’s beautiful, passionate, and moving. (egalley) Erin McCoy A Scandalous Deal by Joanna Shupe (April 24, Avon): I’m on a historical romance kick this month and since I so very rarely feel like reading historicals lately I’m going to ride out my current mood as long as possible. Thus, even though this book doesn’t come out until the end of April I’m reading it now. In this second installment of Shupe’s The Four Hundred series, Lady Eva Hyde and Phillip Mansfield meet on a ship bound for NYC. A memorable meet-cute and shenanigans caused in part by champagne have me bingeing on this secret identity love story. (egalley) Lacey deShazo The Favorite Sister by Jessica Knoll (May 15): I just started this book, so I don’t have much to say about the plot so far. I chose it, however, because I really liked Knoll’s debut, Luckiest Girl Alive. I’m in the mood for a fast-paced thriller, and from what I’ve heard this book is “un-put-down-able.” We’ll see! (egalley) S.W. Sondheimer Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction by Annalee Newitz: Humanity has made a lot of mistakes, especially as regards care of our home. That said, there were five mass extinctions, during which at least 75% of species died out, before we ever got here, so odds are we’ve only accelerated the path to the sixth. In a departure from prevailing theory and the majority of science writers, however, Newitz envisions a post-disaster cosmos which still contains some humans (some). Carefully researched and extremely accessible, I’m enjoying the hell out of it and learning a ton while I do. (ebook) Sarah Nicolas Cobalt Squadron by Elizabeth Wein: This is a (1) Star Wars book (2) written by the author of one of my all-time favorites, Code Name Verity, (3) narrated by Kelly Marie Tran! I’m still not sure I’m not dreaming. Don’t tell me if I am. (audiobook) Elizabeth Allen Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith by Jon Krakauer: I have never read anything by Krakauer but am a notorious sucker for all things cult. I’m so glad I finally picked this up. While the murders of Brenda Lafferty and her 18-month-old daughter, Erica, are the focus of the book, the amount of history of the Mormon faith contained is staggering. We learn about Joseph Smith, Brigham Young and the beginning of the religion, how the fundamentalists broke off from the mainstream Mormons, and the ways in which this split has impacted the religion’s present and future. You will come away knowing so much more about The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and their generations-long conflicts with their more radical brethren. (paperback) Natalya Muncuff The Thick of Things (In Medias Res Book 1) by J.L. Campbell: The Thick of Things is a mature romance set in Jamaica, and both main characters are from the Caribbean, the heroine being Jamaican and the hero hailing from Antigua. As an island girl myself, Im always willing to pick up a book set in the Caribbean so that I can see how much culture is infused into the story. (eARC) E.H. Kern A Little Life by Hanya Yanagihara: I am continuing my phase of rereading. I am excited to see how I will respond to A Little Life a second time around, since I spent the first time reading it crying helplessly. (hardcover) Rachel Brittain The Woman’s Hour by Elaine Weiss: This book is teaching me just how shamefully little I knew about the women’s suffrage movement and the ratification of the nineteenth amendmentâ€"and that probably makes it sound like a really dry read, but I’m only a few chapters in and already completely hooked. (egalley) Danielle Bourgon Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury: After seeing the trailer of the new adaptation starring Michael B. Jordan, I realized I hadn’t yet read this classic and ordered it from my local library. So far the language is really beautiful and I can see why so many others like it. (library paperback) Aimee Miles Stone Butch Blues by Leslie Feinberg: This book was loaned to me by a friend because the single copy at my library disappeared 8 months after I joined the hold list. A classic of LGBT literature, the story of Jess provides a glimpse of life in the LGBT community in the 60s and 70s, specifically that of lesbian women. It’s very readable, despite some hard scenes, and I have a small crush on Jess, which I think is how readers are supposed to feel. Jessâ€"or rather Feinbergâ€"is so good at intersectionality, highlighting the different ways that oppressions are hierarchical, yet all the same. I can’t wait to get back to finish it! (paperback) Liberty Hardy Neverworld Wake by Marissa Pessl (Delacorte Press, June 5): I am so excited for this, I can barely sit still to read it. I am a huge fan of Special Topics in Calamity Physics and Night Film, Pessl’s “adult” books. (I have NIGHT FILM 5 EVA! tattooed on my butt.) (Okay, maybe I’m lying.) I think that the mystery/thriller YA market is waaaaaay too small, so a YA psychological suspense novel by Marissa Pessl? ALL THE HELL YEAHS. My body is ready. (egalley) Margaret Kingsbury Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi: So many Rioters have been raving about this book I had to check it out. And it’s well deserved praise. I’m only a few chapters in and can tell I’m going to have trouble putting it down. The pace is intense. This is the third book I’ve read in a row inspired by West African folklore, a great streak to keep up! (egalley) Jessica Yang American Panda by Gloria Chao: Picked up American Panda to get some of that Taiwanese American representation goodness. Super excited! (hardcover) Mel Burke Tithe by Holly Black: A friend gave me her paperback because she was purging her bookshelves. I’m low-key obsessed with Black’s Modern Faerie Tale series and I figured a reread might help break me out of my book slump. The 13-year-old in me loves the angst and drama in Tithe, and grown-up me loves how Black plays with traditional fae lore. (paperback) Katie McLain The Little Stranger by Sarah Waters: Some narrator/audiobook pairings are good, some are meh, and some are magical. The Little Stranger on audio is magical. Simon Vance’s narration is exquisite and theatrical without being over the top, and I have fallen head-over-heels in love with this historical maybe-ghost story that owes a lot to Henry James’s  The Turn of the Screw. The story takes a little while to pick up, but once it does, it’s spectacularly unsettling and creepy. (digital audiobook) Kate Scott Mating in Captivity by Esther Perel: I don’t often read books about sex and relationships because of how horribly sexist most of them are, but every once in a while I stumble upon a gem. In this reflection on humanity’s capacity for sexually satisfying long-term monogamous relationships, Perel offers psychological and sociological insights that refreshingly contrast with the lazy stereotypes promoted by popular relationship gurus. I’m a little over halfway through and so far I’m finding it to be a truly enlightening read. (audiobook) Christy Childers Convenience Store Woman by Sayaka Murata: I’m on kind of an “in translation” kick at the moment, so I was pretty happy when this Japanese novel showed up from the publisher. (galley) Priya Sridhar Dear Friend, from My Life I Write to You in Your Life by Yiyun Li: Yiyun Li talks about mental health in her memoirs, as well how she handles her identity as a Chinese expatriate. She talks about how several people she knew died by suicide, and her own experiences in seeking out treatment. This is more than a book about mental health, however; it’s about writing. (Kindle ebook) Ashley Holstrom None of the Above by I.W. Gregorio: Because my brain said “light-hearted young adult fiction” and my heart said “how about this one about a teen born intersex and diagnosed after a very painful attempt at sex with her boyfriend? And then the whole school finds out and everyone bullies her for being born different?” It’s the opposite of light-hearted, but had me absorbed after a few minutes. (audiobook) Christina M. Rau catalog of unabashed gratitude by Ross Gay: I haven’t read a lot of poetry lately, and I’ve been wanting a feel-good pick-me-up, so this poetry collection is exactly what my life needs right nowâ€"and I’m reading it twice because its feel-goodness feels so good. (paperback) Katisha Smith   A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle: I have never read the book, but I wanted to see the movie because the previews for the movie were BEAUTIFUL, and I want to review the adaptation for my blog. This seems to be one of those books that everyone has read and LOVED, so I’m looking forward to joining the club. (Kindle) Tasha Brandstatter Party Lines by Emma Barry: Goodreads recommended this romance to me after I finished reading Selena Laurence’s SCOTUS. Sometimes automagically generated book recs work out. (ebook) Carina Pereira On Chesil Beach by Ian McEwan: I was looking for a short read and I saw this book being recommended, so I decided to give it a go, since I have never read any book by Ian McEwan before. It’s not a fast-paced read, but I’m looking forward to see where it’s going. (Kindle) Emma Allmann The Badass Librarians of Timbuktu by Joshua Hammer: I bought this quite a while ago mostly because the title is a pretty fantastic draw. I’ve been trying to branch out in what I read and nonfiction has been so neglected, so I finally turned to this book to get me into the groove. (paperback) Sam Burt Train Dreams by Denis Johnson: I devoured this Pulitzer-shortlisted novella in one sitting. Robert Grainer is a day labourer in the American West at the turn of the twentieth century. His life is a string of hardships interspersed with brief, so all the more cherished, joys. Johnson’s style is admirably restrained for the most part, but achieves transcendence in placesâ€"much like his protagonist’s story. Huge gratitude to the bookshop owner who recommended it to me. (paperback) Laura Sackton The Black Unicorn by Audre Lorde: This year I’m trying to constantly have a book of poetry going, and I’m also trying to read more of the books I own. This is a book of poetry I own but have never read all the way through, so it’s a win-win. (paperback) Patricia Elzie-Tuttle Dread Nation by Justina Ireland (April 3rd): I got this as an Advanced Review Copy and wow, I am having a hard time putting it down. It’s clever and funny and gives me all kinds of anxiety because zombies. I remember the cover reveal for this book and I was immediately sold. The dead rise after the battle of Gettysburg and now the “freed” slaves are the zombie-hunters? It does not disappoint. (ebook) Lisa Ruiz The Wedding Date by Jasmine Guillory: I had heard fabulous writers like Roxane Gay and Nicole Cliffe buzz about this book leading up to its release, so I snapped it up the second my Audible credit became available. I have been so delighted by this fun, sexy romance. The characters have textured lives beyond their love story, so even though it’s charming and sweet, it rings very true. I’ve spent a few long afternoons smiling, sighing, and blushing as this played during my spring cleaning, a situation I highly recommend. (audiobook) Emily Polson Bossypants by Tina Fey This is a long overdue read for me, so the “celebrity memoir” task for the 2018 Reader Harder Challenge was the perfect reason to finally get around to it. I’m listening to the audiobook, and it’s kept me laughing on my commuteâ€"I’ll be sad when it ends! (library audiobook) Tiffani Willis The Child in Time by Ian McEwan: PBS, especially the Masterpiece series, is responsible for bringing many books to my attention. Such is the case here. I saw a commercial for a new movie/show called The Child in Time. A day later I was walking through the bookstore and saw this book, so of course I had to get it. Stephen and his three-year-old daughter Kate go to the market to pick up a few items whileKate’s mother Julie gets a little sleep. Stephen turns to talk to the cashier and then turns back to his daughter and she isn’t there. Kate is gone, just like that. In an instant, Stephen and Julie’s lives are forever changed. (paperback) James Wallace Harris Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress by Steven Pinker: Enlightenment Now makes an overwhelming case that we shouldn’t be pessimistic about the future. Pinker claims The Enlightenment is still a work in progress, and that science and liberal ideals are succeeding even while under tremendous attacks. Enlightenment Now is comforting, infuriating, depressing, and uplifting. Pinker wants us to know that the human race is doing amazingly well if you look at our progress statistically. And yes, his data does give me hope for the future. Pinker’s book is also scary. Much of his evidence supports my liberal views, but some of his data supports conservative views and that make me uncomfortable. It’s very hard to reconcile the optimism of this book with the pessimism of the nightly news. Dana Lee Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe by Benjamin Alire Sáenz: I’m finally getting around to listening to this audiobook, which has been in my Audible library forever. Ari and Dante are both struggling with their identities and are helping each other answer big life questions with their disparate yet complementary personalities. It’s narrated by Lin-Manuel Miranda and he’s literally the perfect voice to bring these two misfit teenagers to life. (audiobook) Jaime Herndon Lost in the Beehive by Michele Young Stone: This book is blowing me away. It starts in the 60s, when Gloria is sent to an Institute to help with “inappropriate feelings” she has for a friend, and follows her through adulthood. The character development is exquisite and the storytelling is drawing me in so much that I never want to put it down. The shifting cultural and geographical attitudes make an interesting backdrop to this love story of sorts. (ARC). Steph Auteri The Chronology of Water by Lidia Yuknavitch: Usually when I fall in love with a book, I don’t want to put it down. I inhale the thing in one big snort, and then…I mourn the fact that it is over. By contrast, I’ve been trying to read Yuknavitch’s lyrical memoir as sloooooowly as possible, because I’ve never read anything quite like it before. And I know that once I finish it, that’s it. I’m screwed. Real talk: Yuknavitch makes me realize what memoir can be. And for a writer, that’s daunting as hell. Corin Balkovek I’ll Be Gone in the Dark by Michelle McNamara: Like most true crime fans/murderinos, this book’s release date has been on my calendar for awhile and I was stoked to finally dive into it. McNamara passed away before she was able to complete her book on the Golden State Killer, but her editors have done a good job at stitching together the pieces in a way that is both satisfying and still maintains her voice. However, listening to it home alone with headphones on at night definitely freaked me out a few times and compelled me to make sure all my doors and windows were locked. (audiobook)

Pros and Cons of Intervening in the Syrian Conflict

Biography of Fred Hampton, Black Panther Party Leader

Fred Hampton (August 30, 1948–December 4, 1969) was an activist for the NAACP and the Black Panther Party. At age 21, Hampton was fatally shot alongside a fellow activist during a law enforcement raid. Activists and the broader black community considered the deaths of these men unjust, and their families ultimately received a settlement stemming from a civil lawsuit. Today, Hampton is widely remembered as a martyr for the cause of black liberation. Fast Facts: Fred Hampton Known For: Black Panther Party activist who was in a law enforcement raidBorn: August 30, 1948 in Summit, Illinois.Parents: Francis Allen Hampton and Iberia HamptonDied: December 4, 1969 in Chicago, IllinoisEducation: YMCA Community College, Triton CollegeChildren: Fred Hampton Jr.Notable Quote: â€Å"We always say in the Black Panther Party they can do anything they want to to us. We might not be back. I might be in jail. I might be anywhere.  But when I leave, you’ll remember I said, with the last words on my lips, that I am a revolutionary. Early Years Fred Hampton was born on August 30, 1948 in Summit, Illinois. His parents, Francis Allen Hampton and Iberia Hampton, were Louisiana natives who relocated to Chicago. As a youth, Fred excelled in sports and dreamed of playing baseball for the New York Yankees. However, he also excelled in the classroom. Hampton ultimately attended Triton College, where he studied pre-law in hopes of helping people of color fight back against police brutality. As a teen, Hampton became involved in civil rights by leading a local NAACP youth council. He helped to grow the councils membership to more than 500 members. Activism in the Black Panther Party Hampton had success with the NAACP, but the radicalism of the Black Panther Party resonated with him even more. The BPP had successfully launched a free breakfast program to feed children in a number of cities. The group also advocated for self-defense rather than nonviolence and took a global perspective on the black freedom struggle, finding inspiration in Maoism. A skilled speaker and organizer, Hampton quickly moved through the ranks of the BPP. He became the leader of Chicago’s BPP branch, then the chairmain of the Illinois BPP, and finally the deputy chair of the national BPP. He engaged in grassroots activism, working as an organizer, a peacemaker, and taking part in the BPP’s free breakfast program and people’s medical clinic. A COINTELPRO Target From the 1950s until the 1970s, the FBI’s Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO) targeted leaders of activist organizations like Fred Hampton. The program served to undermine, infiltrate, and spread misinformation (often through extrajudicial means) about political groups and the activists who belonged to them. COINTELPRO targeted civil rights leaders such as the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. as well as radical groups like the Black Panther Party, the American Indian Movement, and the Young Lords. As Hampton’s influence in the Black Panthers grew, the FBI began to focus on his activities, opening a file on him in 1967. The FBI enlisted a man named William ONeal to infiltrate and sabotage the Black Panthers Party. ONeal, who had been previously arrested for car theft and impersonating a federal officer, agreed to the task because the federal agency promised to drop the felony charges against him. O’Neal quickly gained access to Hampton by becoming both his bodyguard and a security director in Hampton’s Black Panther Party chapter. As a Black Panther Party leader, Hampton persuaded Chicago’s black and Puerto Rican street gangs to call a truce. He also worked with white-dominated groups like Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground. He called the multiracial groups he collaborated with his Rainbow Coalition. Following FBI director J. Edgar Hoover’s orders, O’Neal undid much of Hampton’s work to foster peace in the community, leading community members to lose confidence in the BPP. Fred Hamptons Killing Sowing discord in the community wasn’t the only way O’Neal attempt to undermine Hampton. He also played a direct role in his killing. On December 3, 1969, O’Neal secretly drugged Hampton by putting a sleeping pill into his drink. Shortly afterward, law enforcement agents initiated an early morning raid on Hampton’s apartment. Despite not having a warrant for weapons charges, they entered the apartment with guns firing. They mortally wounded Mark Clark, who was guarding Hampton. Hampton and his fiancee, Deborah Johnson (also called Akua Njeri), were asleep in their bedroom. They had been wounded but survived the gunfire. When an officer realized that Hampton hadn’t been killed, he proceeded to shoot the activist twice in the head. Johnson, who was expecting a child with Hampton, was not killed. The other seven Black Panthers present in the apartment were charged with several serious crimes, including attempted murder, armed violence, and multiple weapons charges. However, when a Department of Justice investigation revealed that Chicago Police had fired up to 99 shots, and the Panthers had only fired once, the charges were dropped. Activists considered the killing of Hampton to be an assassination. When the FBI’s Pennsylvania field office was broken into not long after, the COINTELPRO files found included a floor plan of Hampton’s apartment and documents that mentioned covering up the FBI’s part in Hampton’s killing. Lawsuit and Settlement The family members of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark sued the Chicago Police, Cook County, and the FBI for $47.7 million in 1970 for wrongfully killing the men. That case was thrown out, but a new case took place in 1979 after officials concluded that the law enforcement agencies involved had obstructed justice and refused to hand over relevant paperwork related to the killings. Three years later, the families of Hampton and Clark learned that they would receive a $1.85 million settlement from the local and federal agencies responsible for the men’s deaths. Although that sum was far less than what they’d sought, the settlement was an acknowledgement, to a degree, of wrongdoing. Had the Chicago Police not killed Fred Hampton, he would have been named chief of staff of the Black Panther Partys central committee, making him a key spokesman for the group. Hampton never got that opportunity, but he has not been forgotten. Soon after his death, the BPP filmed an investigation of his apartment, which police did not close off. The footage captured is seen in the 1971 documentary â€Å"The Murder of Fred Hampton.† An estimated 5,000 mourners turned up to Hampton’s funeral, during which the activist was remembered by civil rights leaders such the Rev. Jesse Jackson and Ralph Abernathy.  Although activists Roy Wilkins and Ramsey Clark characterized Hampton’s killing as unjustified, none of the officers or officials involved in the raid were convicted of wrongdoing. Legacy A number of writers, rappers, and musicians have referred to Fred Hampton in their writings or lyrics. The group Rage Against the Machine famously mentions the activist in its 1996 hit â€Å"Down Rodeo,† in which frontman Zack de la Rocha declares, â€Å"They ain’t gonna send us campin’ like they did my man Fred Hampton.† In the city of Chicago, December 4 is â€Å"Fred Hampton Day.† A public pool in Maywood, Illinois, where Hampton grew up, bears his name. A bust of Hampton sits outside the Fred Hampton Family Aquatic Center. Hampton, like other political activists, seemed keenly aware that his work would put his life in jeopardy. However, while he was alive, he expressed confidence in his own legacy: â€Å"We always say in the Black Panther Party that they can do anything they want to us. We might not be back. I might be in jail. I might be anywhere. But when I leave, you’ll remember I said, with the last words on my lips, that I am a revolutionary. And you’re going to have to keep on saying that. You’re going to have to say that I am a proletariat, I am the people.† Sources Ballesteros, Carlos. â€Å"Black Panther icon Fred Hampton’s boyhood home facing foreclosure.† Chicago Sun-Times, 16 October, 2018.â€Å"Fred Hampton.† National Archives, 15 December, 2016. Silva, Christianna. â€Å"Who Was Fred Hampton, the Black Panther Shot and Killed by Chicago Police 48 Years Ago?† Newsweek, 4 December, 2017.â€Å"Watch: The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther.† Democracy Now! 4 December, 2014.

Baseball America s Pastime - 869 Words

Baseball; America’s pastime. The history of the game is just as much a part of America’s story as the Liberty Bell. There is no place that history is preserved more than the small town of 1,800 residents, Cooperstown, NY; home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Since 1936, the Hall of Fame has immortalized 215 of the most revered men to ever grace a ball diamond. Nearly every era of the game is depicted; with names like Cobb, Ruth, DiMaggio, Williams, and Mantle forever having their likeness emblazoned in Bronze, telling their stories for generations to come (Baseball Hall, n.d.). However, there is one era that has no representation for immortality and there is a large debate as to if it ever should; the Steroid Era. There is not a definitive starting point to the steroid era; however, it is considered the late 1980’s when Jose Canseco and Mark McGwire, â€Å"The Bash Brothers,† of the Oakland Athletics combined to hit 91 Home Runs in the 1987 sea son. This ushered a change in baseball in regards to power hitters. Leading up to the 1994 season, there had only been three players that hit 50 or more home runs in a single season, since 1961 when Roger Maris hit a then record 61 long balls. Throughout the 1990s, 50 Home Runs in a season by a single player became common (The Steroids Era, 2012). The drastic increase in the number of Home Runs hit began to raise some questions, and the summer of 1998 most likely drew the most attention to the potential use of Steroids.Show MoreRelatedBaseball Is America s Pastime2072 Words   |  9 Pages Baseball is America’s pastime. Thousands of fans every season gather in stadiums nationwide to watch as players take the diamond. People of all ages have a love for baseball, after all it is the all American sport. Baseball was loved by millions until one day when the truth came out. The 1919 World Series had been rigged. Hearts were broken and sadness spread across America. 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With only 750 players throughout 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams, the odds of making it to â€Å"The Show† are highly unlikely. To make it to the big leagues as an African American player was an even harder feat to accomplish in the mid to lateRead MoreAmerica s National Pastime Of Baseball Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesSince its grand entry in the 19th century, baseball has evolved to be one of the most popular sport nationally and to be known as America’s national pastime. This multibillion dollar industry attracts millions of fans worldwide throughout different regions. The origin of baseball is believed to have evolved from a ball-and-bat game called Seker-Hemant played by ancient Egyptians dating as far back as 2,500 BCE. 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It has had its ups and downs like every other sport, but the crazy history of how it came about is quite extensive. Having to find new players that no one would think of to play and eventually having the first ever World Series; the sport has changed throughout time. The beginning of baseball can be accredited to Thomas Wilson who was a conformist leader in England. WilsonRead MoreMajor League Baseball : America s Pastime1824 Words   |  8 PagesMajor League Baseball is known as â€Å"America’s Pastime†. The human element in the game makes it exciting and unpredictable. Baseball remains, as it should, as an un-digitalized and an untimed sport. In 2014, Major League Baseball expanded the instant replay allowed challenges from solely home-run challenges, to almost everything, excluding only the calls on balls and strikes. Fans’ request was one of the reasons this was done. Another reason was there had been a handful of bad calls by umpires,

The Ancient Greece Culture free essay sample

Lord Gomez DBQ Essay The Ancient Greece culture has made many contributions to western civilization. The ancient Greeks affected the western civilizations math, government, sports, and medicine. They affected the western civilization in a big way. We even use some of these contributions today. A way that the ancient Greeks contributed to our government is that Greece had the first known democracy. As seen in document 3 Pericles had a lot to do with democracy. Pericles had three main goals, to Strengthen Democracy, Hold strength in the empire, and to glorify Athens. Pericles said that he wanted all people to have an equal opportunity to serve the public. This period in time was known as the citys Golden age. To strengthen democracy, Pericles increased the number of paid public officials. He also improved laws to be more equal to everyone. Due to democracy citizens were given freedom of speech and a voice in making laws. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ancient Greece Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He let common people not Just the rich participate in the government. Arts and sciences flourished, and manufacturing and trade continued to grow. Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato are some of the most well known philosophers ever. Socrates was famous for questioning about life. He once said an unexamined life is not worth living as seen in document 1 . This quote brings about many questions and possibilities about what life is and how it is cherished. Plato is the student of Socrates. He emphasized the importance of reason. The republic was written by Plato that describes the ideal state. As seen in document 2 Aristotle is known for believing that if people study life they will understand it more. Philosophers today still study, and get ideas from many of Ancient philosophers quotes. Greeks affected sports in western civilization. As seen in document 8 Myrons famous marble sculpture of the discus thrower represents an Olympic event. Greece was the first civilization to have sports and make it a tradition. Greece hosted the first Olympics. They had played boxing, Chariot racing, riding horses, running, Jumping, and wrestling. Today in the western civilization athletes compete in many of the same sports as the first Olympics had. The Olympics were around for very long. As seen in document 4 Medics in the western civilization have been impacted by any of ancient Greeces contributions. Hippocrates, who created the Hippocratic Oath, was a mathematician, and doctor he is sometimes was called the father of medicine. He said in the oath that he would treat his patients to the best of his ability and he would never give deadly medicine to a patient if asked. Today the Hippocratic Oath is used less and less. Western civilization was mostly made up by using Greeces government, sports, and philosophers. Greece has contributed so much to western civilization. The Ancient Greece Culture By lordgz

Martin Luther King Jr. Vs Malcolm X Essays - Community Organizing

Martin Luther King Jr. Vs Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in different environments. King was raised in a comfortable middle-class family where education was stressed. On the other hand, Malcolm X came from and underprivileged home. He was a self-taught man who received little schooling and rose to greatness on his own intelligence and determination. Martin Luther King was born into a family whose name in Atlanta was well established. Despite segregation, Martin Luther Kings parents ensured that their child was secure and happy. Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 and was raised in a completely different atmosphere than King, an atmosphere of fear and anger where the seeds of bitterness were planted. The burning of his house by the Klu Klux Klan resulted in the murder of his father. His mother later suffered a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. He was haunted by this early nightmare for most of his life. From then on, he was driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. The early backgrounds of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King were largely responsible for the distinct different responses to American racism. Both men ultimately became towering icons of contemporary African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X, believing that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments, blacks will be able to someday achieve full equality with whites. Malcolm Xs despair about life was reflected in his angry, pessimistic belief that equality is impossible because whites have no moral conscience. King basically adopted on an integrationalist philosophy, whereby he felt that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace. Malcolm X, however, promoted nationalist and separatist doctrines. For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. Both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. King was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. He travelled about the country giving speeches that inspired black and white listeners to work together for racial harmony. (pg. 135, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Freedom Movement) Malcolm X, for the most part, believed that non-violence and integration was a trick by the whites to keep blacks in their places. He was furious at white racism and encouraged his followers through his speeches to rise up and protest against their white enemies. After Malcolm X broke away from Elijah Mohammed, this change is reflected in his more moderate speeches. Malcolm X and Martin Luther Kings childhoods had powerful influences on the men and their speeches. Malcolm X was brought up in an atmosphere of violence. During his childhood, Malcolm X suffered not only from abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence. His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children. His mother was forced to raise eight children during the depression. After his mother had a mental breakdown, the children were all placed in foster homes. Malcolm Xs resentment was increased as he suffered through the ravages of integrated schooling. Although an intelligent student who shared the dream of being a lawyer with Martin Luther King, Malcolm Xs anger and disillusionment caused him to drop out of school. He started to use cocaine and set up a burglary ring to support his expensive habit. Malcolm Xs hostility and promotion of violence as a way of getting change was well established in his childhood. Martin Luther King lived in an entirely different environment. He was a smart student and skipped two grades before entering an ivy league college at only the age of 15. He was the class valedictorian with an A average. King paraded his graduation present in a new green Chevrolet before his fellow graduates. He was raised in the perfect environment where dreams and love were generated. King and Xs childhoods are a study in polarity. (pg. 254, Reflecting Black) Whereas, Malcolm X was raised in nightmarish conditions. Kings home was almost dream-like. He was raised in a comfortable middle-class home where

Money Laundering Act Essays

Money Laundering Act Essays Money Laundering Act Essay Money Laundering Act Essay THE PREVENTION OF MONEY-LAUNDERING (AMENDMENT)ACT, 2009 NO. 21 OF 2009 [6th March, 2009. ] An Act further to amend the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Sixtieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:@ 1. ! Short title and commencement. ! 1. Short title and commencement. – (1) This Act may be called the Prevention of Money-laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009. (2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. @ 2. % Amendment of section 2. ! 2. Amendment of section 2. In section 2 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), in sub-section (1),(i) after clause (d), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:- (da) authorised person means an authorised person as defined in clause (c) of section 2 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999;; (ii) after clause (j), the following clause shall be inserted, namely :- (ja) designated business or profession means carrying on activities for playing games of chance for cash or kind, and includes such activities associated with casino or such other activities as the Central Government may, by notification, so designate, from time to time;; (iii) in clause (l), for the words a non-banking financial company, the words an authorised person, a payment system operator and a non-banking financial company shall be substituted; (iv) in clause (q), after the words and figures Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, the words and includes a person carrying on designated business or profession shall be inserted; (v) after clause (r), the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:- (ra) offence of cross border implications, means- (i) any conduct by a person at a place outside India which constitutes an offence at that place and which would have constituted an offence specified in Part A, Part B or Part C of the Schedule, had it been committed in India and if such person remits the proceeds of such conduct or part thereof to India; or (ii) any offence specified in Part A, Part B or Part C of the Schedule which has been committed in India and the proceeds of crime, or part thereof have been transferred to a place outside India or any attempt has been made to transfer the proceeds of crime, or part thereof from India to a place outside India. Explanation. -Nothing contained in this clause shall adversely affect any investigation, enquiry, trial or proceeding before any authority in respect of the offences specified in Part A or Part B of the Schedule to the Act before the commencement of the Prevention of Money-laundering (Amendment) Act, 2009; (rb) payment system means a system that enables payment to be effected between a payer and a beneficiary, involving clearing, payment or settlement 1 service or all of them. Explanation. -For the purposes of this clause, payment system includes the systems enabling credit card operations, debit card operations, smart card operations, money transfer operations or similar operations; (rc) payment system operator means a person who operates a payment system and such person includes his overseas principal. Explanation. For the purposes of this clause, overseas principal means,- (A) in the case of a person, being an individual, such individual residing outside India, who owns or controls or manages, directly or indirectly, the activities or functions of payment system in India; (B) in the case of a Hindu undivided family, Karta of such Hindu undivided family residing outside India who owns or controls or manages, directly or indirectly, the activities or functions of payment system in India; (C) in the case of a company, a firm, an association of persons, a body of individuals, an artificial juridical person, whether incorporated or not, such company, firm, association of persons, body of individuals, artificial juridical person incorporated or registered outside India or existing as such and which owns or controls or manages, directly or indirectly, the activities or functions of payment system in India;; (vi) in clause (y), for sub-clause (ii), the following sub-clauses shall be substituted, namely:- (ii) the offences specified under Part B of the Schedule if the total value involved in such offences is thirty lakh rupees or more; or (iii) the offences specified under Part C of the Schedule. . @ 3. % Amendment of section 5. ! 3. Amendment of section 5. In section 5 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1),(a) for the words ninety days, the w ords one hundred and fifty days shall be substituted; (b) for the proviso, the following provisos shall be substituted, namely:Provided that no such order of attachment shall be made unless, in relation to the scheduled offence, a report has been orwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or a complaint has been filed by a person, authorised to investigate the offence mentioned in the Schedule, before a Magistrate or court for taking cognizance of the scheduled offence, as the case may be: Provided further that, notwithstanding anything contained in clause (b), any property of any person may be attached under this section if the Director or any other officer not below the rank of Deputy Director authorised by him for the purposes of this section has reason to believe (the reasons for such belief to be recorded in writing), on the basis of material in his possession, that if such property involved in money-laundering is not attached immediatel y under this Chapter, the non-attachment of the property is likely to frustrate any proceeding under this Act. . @ 4. % Amendment of section 6. ! 4. Amendment of section 6. In section 6 of the principal Act,- (i) in sub-section (1), for the words one or more Adjudicating Authorities, the words an Adjudicating Authority shall be substituted; (ii) in the proviso to sub-section (8), for the word sixty-two, the word sixty-five shall be substituted. 2 @ 5. % Amendment of section 8. ! 5. Amendment of section 8. In section 8 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1), for the words and figure offence under section 3, the words and figure offence under section 3 or is in possession of proceeds of crime shall be substituted. @ 6. % Amendment of section 12. ! 6. Amendment of section 12. In section 12 of the principal Act, for sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:(2)(a) The records referred to in clause (a) of sub-section (1) shall be maintained for a period of ten years from the date of transactions between the clients and the banking company or financial institution or intermediary, as the case may be. ( b) The records referred to in clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall be maintained for a period of ten years from the date of cessation of transactions between the clients and the banking company or financial institution or intermediary, as the case may be. . @ 7. % Amendment of section 17. ! 7. Amendment of section 17. In section 17 of the principal Act, in sub-section (1),(i) in the opening portion, for the words the Director, the words the Director or any other officer not below the rank of Deputy Director authorised by him for the purposes of this section, shall be substituted; (ii) for the proviso, the following proviso shall be substituted, namely:- Provided that no search shall be conducted unless, in relation to the scheduled offence, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 157 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or a complaint has been filed by a person, authorised to investigate the offence mentioned in the Schedule, before a Magistrate or court for tak ing cognizance of the scheduled offence, as the case may be. . @ 8. % Amendment of section 18. ! 8. Amendment of section 18. In section 18 of the principal Act,(i) in sub-section (1), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:- Provided that no search of any person shall be made unless, in relation to the scheduled offence, a report has been forwarded to a Magistrate under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or a complaint has been filed by a person authorised to investigate the offence mentioned in the Schedule, before a Magistrate or court for taking cognizance of the scheduled offence, as the case may be. ; (ii) in sub-section (9), the proviso shall be omitted. @ 9. % Amendment of section 28. ! 9. Amendment of section 28. In section 28 of the principal Act, in sub-section (2), clause (a) shall be omitted. @ 10. % Amendment of section 32. ! 10. Amendment of section 32. In section 32 of the principal Act, in sub-section (2), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:Provided that the Chief Justice of India shall be consulted before removal of the Chairperson or a Member who was appointed on the recommendation of the Chief Justice of India. . 3 @ 11. % Amendment of section 38. ! 11. Amendment of section 38. In section 38 of the principal Act, for the words one or more of the other Members, the words third Member shall be substituted. @ 12. % Amendment of section 60. ! 12. Amendment of section 60. In section 60 of the principal Act, after sub-section (6), the following sub-section hall be inserted, namely:(7) When any property in India is confiscated as a result of execution of a request from a contracting State in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the Central Government may either return such property to the requesting State or compensate that State by disposal of such property on mutually agreed terms that would take into account deduction for reasonable expenses incurred in investigation, prosecution or judicial proceedings leading to the return or disposal of confiscated property. . @ 13. % Amendment of Schedule. ! 13. Amendment of Schedule. In the principal Act, in the Schedule,- (i) in Part A,- (a) in Paragraph 1, after section 121A and the entry relating thereto, the following sections and the entries shall be inserted, namely:- Section Description of offence 489A Counterfeiting currency notes or bank notes. 489B Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes. ; (b) in Paragraph 2, for sections 15, 18 and 20 and the entries relating thereto, the following sections and the entries shall be substituted, namely:- Section Description of offence 15 Contravention in relation to poppy straw. 16 Contravention in relation to coca plant and coca leaves. 17 Contravention in relation to prepared opium. 18 Contravention in relation to opium poppy and opium. 19 Embezzl ement of opium by cultivator. 20 Contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis. 21 Contravention in relation to manufactured drugs and preparations. ; (c) after Paragraph 2, the following Paragraphs shall be inserted, namely:PARAGRAPH 3 OFFENCES UNDER THE EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES ACT, 1908 Section Description of offence 3 Causing explosion likely to endanger life or property. Attempt to cause explosion, or for making or keeping explosives with intent to endanger life or property. 5 Making or possessing explosives under suspicious circumstances. PARAGRAPH 4 OFFENCES UNDER THE UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT, 1967 Section Description of offence 10 read with section 3 Penalty for being member of an unlawful association, etc. 11 read with sections 3 Penalty for dealing with funds of an unlawful and 7 association. 13 read with section 3 Punishment for unlawful activities. 16 read with section 15 Punishment for terrorist act. 16A Punishment for making demands of radioactive su bstances, nuclear devices, etc. 17 Punishment for raising fund for terrorist act. 18 Punishment for conspiracy, etc. 8A Punishment for organising of terrorist camps. 4 18B Punishment for recruiting of any person or persons for terrorist act. 19 Punishment for harbouring, etc. 20 Punishment for being member of terrorist gang or organisation. 21 Punishment for holding proceeds of terrorism. 38 Offence relating to membership of a terrorist organisation. THE SCHEDULE [See section 2 (y)] PART A * * * * * PARAGRAPH 2 OFFENCES UNDER THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985 Section Description of offence 15 Contravention in relation to poppy straw. 18 Contravention in relation to opium poppy and opium. 20 Contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis. * * * * PART B PARAGRAPH 1 OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE Section Description of offence 302 Murder. 304 Culpable homicide not amounting to murder, if act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death. 307 Attempt to murder. 308 Attempt to commit culpable homicide. 327 Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or a valuable security, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitiate the commission of the offence. 329 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or a valuable security, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitate the commission of the offence. 64A Kidnapping for ransom, etc. 384 to 389 Offences relating to extortion. 39 Offence relating to support given to a terrorist organisation. 40 Offence of raising fund for a terrorist organisation. ; (ii) in Part B,- (a) for Paragraph 1, the following Paragraph shall be substituted, namely:PARAGRAPH 1 OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE Section Description of offence 120B Criminal conspiracy. 255 Counterfeiting Government stamp. 257 Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp. 258 Sale of counterfeit Government stamp. 259 Ha ving possession of counterfeit Government stamp. 260 Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit. 02 Murder. 304 Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder. 307 Attempt to murder. 308 Attempt to commit culpable homicide. 327 Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act. 329 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act. 364A Kidnapping for ransom, etc. 384 to 389 Offences relating to extortion. 5 392 to 402 Offences relating to robbery and dacoity. 411 Dishonestly receiving stolen property. 412 Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity. 413 Habitually dealing in stolen property. 414 Assisting in concealment of stolen property. 17 Punishment for cheating. 418 Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect. 419 Punishment for cheating by personation. 420 Cheating and dishonestly inducing deliver y of properties. 421 Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors. THE SCHEDULE [See section 2 (y)] PART A * * * * * PARAGRAPH 2 OFFENCES UNDER THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985 Section Description of offence 15 Contravention in relation to poppy straw. 18 Contravention in relation to opium poppy and opium. 20 Contravention in relation to cannabis plant and cannabis. * * * * PART B PARAGRAPH 1 OFFENCES UNDER THE INDIAN PENAL CODE Section Description of offence 302 Murder. 304 Culpable homicide not amounting to murder, if act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death. 307 Attempt to murder. 308 Attempt to commit culpable homicide. 327 Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or a valuable security, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitiate the commission of the offence. 329 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or a valuable se curity, or to constrain to do anything which is illegal or which may facilitate the commission of the offence. 64A Kidnapping for ransom, etc. 384 to 389 Offences relating to extortion. PARAGRAPH 7 OFFENCES UNDER THE ANTIQUITIES AND ARTS TREASURES ACT, 1972 Section Description of offence 25 read with Contravention of export trade in antiquities and art section 3 treasures. 28 Offences by companies. PARAGRAPH 8 OFFENCES UNDER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA ACT, 1992 Section Description of offence 12A read Prohibition of manipulative and deceptive devices, with insider trading and substantial acquisition of securities section 24 or control. PARAGRAPH 9 OFFENCES UNDER THE CUSTOMS ACT, 1962 Section Description of offence 135 Evasion of duty or prohibitions. 6 PARAGRAPH 10 OFFENCES UNDER THE BONDED LABOUR SYSTEM (ABOLITION) ACT, 1976 Section Description of offence 16 Punishment for enforcement of bonded labour. 18 Punishment for extracting bonded labour under the bonded labour system. 20 Abetment to be an offence. PARAGRAPH 11 OFFENCES UNDER THE CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND REGULATION) ACT, 1986 Section Description of offence 14 Punishment for employment of any child to work in contravention of the provisions of section 3. PARAGRAPH 12 OFFENCES UNDER THE TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS ACT, 1994 Section Description of offence 18 Punishment for removal of human organ without authority. 19 Punishment for commercial dealings in human organs. 20 Punishment for contraventon of any other provision of this Act. PARAGRAPH 24 OFFENCES UNDER THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 Section Description of offence 37 Failure to comply with the provisions for operating industrial plant. PARAGRAPH 25 OFFENCES UNDER THE SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWFUL ACTS AGAINST SAFETY OF MARITIME NAVIGATION AND FIXED PLATFORMS ON CONTINENTAL SHELF ACT, 2002 Section Description of offence 3 Offences against ship, fixed platform, cargo of a ship, maritime navigational facilities, etc. ; (iii) after Part B, the following Part shall be inserted, namely:- PART C An offence which is the offence of cross border implications and is specified in,- (1) Part A; or (2) Part B without any monetary threshold; or (3) the offences against property under Chapter XVII of the Indian Penal Code. . – V. K. BHASIN, Additional Secretary to the Govt. of India. {} 7

Harvard Business Review Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Harvard Business Review Article - Essay Example Following seven key lessons will emphasize on the significant aspects of effective strategic leadership as learnt and comprehended by a student. Key Lesson 1: Maintaining Effective Communication Communication of the organization's purpose is one of the most vital aspects to be considered. A corporate organization's purpose of being is what it stands for and gives an overview of the main aims it wants to achieve. So, it is essential for effective strategic leadership of a corporate organization to state clearly its mission and vision. This can be explained lucidly by the mission statement of Google, which is to organize all the information in the world in a systematic manner so that it can be accessed and utilized universally. Moreover, the brand name of a company should be a direct reflection of its core values, so that the customers would be aware of the services being provided and being attracted to avail them at the same time. Richard Reed, Co-founder of Innocent, did an exceptional job at coming up with the brand name. Innocent; which is one of the most recognized and acclaimed brand in the UK, produces healthy fruit juices and food items only. The company's name, Innoce nt goes hand in hand with the word natural, which depicts the very nature of innocent products. Key Lesson 2: Sustaining Competitive Market Advantage Another important lesson is to sustain competitive advantage in the market over the passage of time. Skimming, price war, and predatory pricing etc. are some of the marketing techniques which could be utilized by the company to sustain the advantage or to drive their competitors out of the market completely. If this upper-hand advantage is not achieved and sustained, a company could face serious consequences, which reflect adversely on its strategic leadership policies. The downfall of PepsiCo is one of the examples of this scenario as Indra Nooyi, the current chairman and CEO of PepsiCo, is facing a loss of market shares and decreasing stock values due to failure at sustaining competitive advantage with rival beverage company Coca Cola. In an announcement made in February, 2012, it was revealed that due to its financial concerns, PepsiCo is cutting down 8,700 employees. The company is starting new lines of diet soda and sugar free products to increase the customer interest but this strategy has not been very successful due to the launch of similar product lines from rival companies. PepsiCo is trying to devise new product lines in order to obtain competitive market advantage so that it can be successful in the market again. Indra Noooyi is also feared to be terminated from her current position of the CEO of the company if the financial position of the company does not stabilize. Key Lesson 3: Effective Change Management Faslane Naval Base was run entirely by the Ministry of Defence of UK and the Royal Navy up until 2002. Afterwards, a contract was signed with Babcock Marine to reduce the cost and to improve operational efficiency. The staff had to work under a different managing authority with new aims and futuristic goals. John Howie, director of Babcock Marine, set forth the emphasis on delivering services to the Navy, eradicating the previous goals of focusing on building infrastructures. Effective strategic leadership could never be achieved without effic ient and timely change management in the organization. Faslane is an organization where the only assets are the people, so to implement change, the shackles which bound the workers, had to be eliminated. Starting with low level managerial changes, the company moved towards gaining efficiency by re-engineering fundamental processes to

Technical report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technical report - Research Paper Example The human dependence on electricity has been increasing dramatically at a huge rate. The amount of electricity, which we depend on every day, is unlikely to go down in the coming years rather its demand is expected to increase. The period of the industrial revolution provided several technologies that required burning fossil fuels for them to work properly. In modern world, most of the energy used in powering all the equipment emanate from fossil fuel combustion. Fossil fuel energy is derived from oil, natural gas, and coal. These fuels are combusted to produce energy in the form of electricity for use. The burning of fossil fuels does have detrimental effects on the environment. Once burned, they release greenhouse gasses and other air pollutants into the atmosphere. Eventually, the continuous use of fossil fuels will eventually deplete its supply throughout the world. On the other hand, the use of renewable sources is a good alternative but its energy supply cannot meet the demand of the growing population and usage. In the interest of preserving the natural environment and consequently maintaining the fossil fuel supply globally, alternative methods of energy must be looked at. These alternatives must provide adequate electricity to meet the demand and minimize the damage to the natural environment. Despite the negative image of the nuclear energy as a source of electricity, the use of nuclear energy may be the most efficient and realistic source of meeting the ever-increasing demand for power globally. In today’s world, global warming is a major issue that affects several people, economies, animals and the entire society. Over the past years, Global warming has been rising because of the increase in its major contribution such as industrialization, fossil fuel burning, increase in greenhouse gasses and increasing population (Nuclear Energy Institute, 2009, September). For several years, arguments and debates have been raging on how to

Effect of Technology on Cognition

Effect of Technology on Cognition A variety of sources have expressed the view that newer technology and the Internet is having an effect on human cognition. Discuss this notion with reference to research in this area, clearly highlighting how the technology individuals are using on a daily basis could be affecting underlying cognitive processes. Modernisation in the last twenty years has led to broader and more efficient uses within the digital technological field. Developing away from radio usage and television, technology nowadays focuses on instant at hand concepts including smartphones, GPS and the Internet, using largely online methods to provide ease for individuals to function daily (Pettinger, 2012). The Internet, primarily used as a method just to share data, is now used as a method of keeping in contact, researching information, streaming media, playing games and much more (Joinson, 2003). The collaboration between humans and computers, as Rutkowska and Crook (1987) outline, is Human-Computer Interaction, where the technology being used acts as a remedial assistant, a teacher and a cognitive facilitator to advance and aid the individual. However, these technological aids that humans are so adapted to are seen to be affecting human cognition. Human cognition is used as an umbrella term for many mental workings and a ctive information processes, for example memory, perception, thinking and learning (Ashcraft, 2005). Neisser (1967) refers to human cognition as an acquisition of knowledge using perception, recall, retention and problem solving processes. Cognition can be conceptual or intuitive and it deals with the conscious and unconscious regulations of human processes to help humans interact within their daily lifestyles. Technology can provide ease to these demanding cognitive abilities but has also been debated to cause cognitive issues. This essay is therefore going to determine to what extent daily technological interactions are having on human cognition by exploring the cognitive improvements and limitations from using modern technology. Human contact with technology and the Internet today is more significant than ever, as immediate information is constantly at hand through smartphones and computers which are commonplace in part of western culture daily living (Nasi Koivusilta, 2013). As Wertsch and Rupert (1993) suggest, the tools used, such as the Internet, to mediate human cognition are culturally valued, important and impact modern life extensively. This technological impact on human cognition can be seen to be directly influencing memory, for example Sparrow, Liu and Wegner (2011) found that the use of search engines such as Google affected memory structures in individuals. People using search engines tended to forget information they felt would be externally available to them, and only retain information that wasn’t. They had used the search engine as an external memory store, which in turn created a more symbolic and connected relationship with the Internet. Wegner (1987) said this external memory plac ement takes the form of transactive memory, by which many people can access it, creating a social memory system that people rely on. However, research by Rahwan (2014) found that using Internet search engines as an external memory store did not extend or benefit memory, but instead only helped solve cognitive problems when using the search engines by facilitating spread of correct information. Furthermore, Nicholas et al. (2011) studied working memory in the Google generation, born after 1993, and those beforehand. Working memory was significantly weaker in the Google generation participants, suggesting that the use of Internet search engines as a method of external memory storage again did not benefit actual memory because memory was consequently being underused. The use of technology and specifically search engines that are readily available and used every day can therefore instead narrowing human working memory capabilities instead of extending them. The underuse of memory due to technological availabilities can be explained by the offloading effect. Cognitive offloading refers to displacement of cognitions onto technology that would otherwise take up room in the human brain (Dror, 2013). This concept is seen to increase brain capacity in terms of learning, where items can be placed into technology for extended use which frees up cognitive resources in the brain. But in the terms of memory, delegating information to cognitive tools leads to an underused working memory. Offloading is a simple method in which cognitive technology can supplement human cognition, and these cognitive tools are becoming cognitive partners (Dror Harnad, 2008). Online cognitive partners such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are used daily and show a prime example of how technology has replaced the simple human cognition of reading a map. There is little effort in punching in a postcode to get to a destination, whereas much more cognitive effort was u sed in planning out a trip using a map. It seems that in today’s modern world there is a greater use and reliance on cognitive technology than ever before. The dynamic function of human cognitive ability makes loosing that ability apparent if it is not used, for example the use of search engines are so heavily replied on that memory is not used as extensively and the effectiveness of working memory could therefore decrease. However operating with technology may also allow for improvements in cognition and in turn, benefit an easier lifestyle. Technology can been used to improve cognitive skills such as information processing and perception. Online gaming is vastly popular with the average gamer playing for around 8 hours a week and the impact it is having on cognition is apparent. Green and Bavelier (2012) observed that online computer game playing led to improvements in perceptual and cognitive tasks such as faster information processing. This is suggested to be due to the quick demanding nature of online games to help improve the speed at which game players must absorb information to make a decision. This type of testing during the playing of the game makes users employ their knowledge constructively, so it also benefits cognitive retention skills (Hagman, 1980). Furthermore, Schlickum, Hedman, Enochsson, Kjellin, and Fellà ¤nder-Tsai (2009) found that playing online computer games increased cognitive performance in medical students and Drew and Waters (1986) found increases in perceptual motor skills with older adults that played computer games. These studies suggest that the interaction with game playing positively affects human cognition because the physical engagement helps promote cognitive learning and maintenance, and sets a marker in which daily use with these items may in fact lead to further improvements in cognitive skills. However some research suggests otherwise. VanRavenzwaaij, Boekel, Forstmann, Ratcliff and Wagenmakers (2014) found that online game playing does not affect information processing and learning because perceptual learning is highly context-specific and transferring this knowledge to everyday life isn’t likely. This suggests that the abilities obtained from technology may not be able to be applied to human cognition in daily situations, which suggests that some daily technologies that are used may not be very useful. Nevertheless, in Van Ravenzwaaij et al. discussion they emphasise that research method disadvantages that may have enthused these findings. Interne t use has also been linked to improvements in certain cognitive skills. Johnson (2008) findings outlined a significant difference with frequent internet users and visual reasoning, compared to non-frequent internet users and verbal reasoning. This suggests that selective use of the internet is related to an enhanced cognitive capacity to manipulate visual imagery that could in turn benefit daily lifestyle by increasing visual awareness when finding new destinations and other visual manipulations. Internet users are more equipped to observing visual stimuli and can use this advantage in everyday life. Because newer technological advances create constant active engagement for users, daily communication is changing. Computers and the Internet now enrich people’s personal life because constant communication to friends and family is available, such as instant messaging, emails and phone calls. It is even possible to visually communicate with friends and family over the Internet. However, as Kirschner and Karpinski (2010) suggest, this constant daily distraction causes poor time management skills and a lack of concentration. Social networking service consumers (SNS) use these cognitive tools for procrastination that leads to a deficit in attention offline because attention is distributed across many different internet domains, such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Junco (2012) found that students who multitask with SNS such as instant messaging and texting in classes generally had a lower grade point average than those who did not. This may be because the cognitive tools used t o remain in contact socially are distracting and a ‘withdrawal’ mechanism from the real world, which in turn affects attention and learning processes. However, Benway (1999) observed how attention can be manipulated when the individual is still online. Benway found that the numbers of signups for employees on a training programme online were low and this was because people couldn’t find the relevant link. It was in a colourful banner at the top of the page but the employees failed to notice it. This research demonstrates that even in the confines of the Internet, attention can still be affected and particular areas of the webpage can act as a distractor. However, the use of SNS, can be used as a progressive tool for human cognition. Alloway, Horton, Alloway and Dawson (2013) investigated adolescent use of social media by comparison against tests of working memory, verbal ability and academic achievement. Findings suggests that Facebook users had in fact increased levels of cognition in areas such as verbal ability and working memory, and this suggests that SNS have a positive effect on human cognition because experience with the process of writing and reading statuses and articles and recalling what was seen on socially constructed networks promotes cognitive function. This is not to say that there may not be an overuse of SNS tools in today society, as a lot of relationships and shared information takes place online, it is hard to distinguish to what point social media reliance is too much. Nevertheless, the overlapping use of different Internet domains that individuals use daily presents a wider spread of available individual concepts that can be connected to create cognitive schemas of knowledge, and relates to the idea of transactive memory. The promotion of cognitive function by using technological tools is seen to be increasing knowledge. Young (2005) suggests that the knowledge gained from the use of tools such as the Internet results from the complex interactions between the individual, the cognitive tool and society. She suggests a model called the Internet-Mediated learning model whereby relations between the daily use of technology and the individual are explained. The Internet is socially constructed to present collected social views on SNS such as Facebook and Google that an individual can either agree with and absorb to form new knowledge, or discredit. More importantly, the technology used in schools every day is also promoting the acquisition of knowledge in students. Kinzer and Leu (1997) found that the use of technology by using multimedia presentations helped students retain a better understanding of lessons, compared to learning from books on their own. Improvements in the student’s formations of c oncepts, ideas and comprehensive writing skills suggest that operating with technological tools can reiterate and reinforce information for learning. Martinez-Lage, (1997) suggests the reasons for the increased knowledge and memory retention the students portrayed was due to the enhancing efficiency of the multimedia demonstrations creating stronger memory links. Digital technologies can also be accessed again immediately through methods such as playbacks to provide the observer with an immediate renewal of the material that can refresh working memory. This research demonstrates the effective use of technological tools for learning and supports the increase of technology within educational settings. Nonetheless, there are issues that relate to the amount of reliance placed on using technology in such fields because a lot of learning is now conveyed through online methods instead of through books, considerations about where the line shall be drawn should be taken. Overall, new technology is increasing and it is having an increasing effective on cognition. Technology is serving as a tool for the promotion of cognitive abilities such as memory, learning and information processing. New technology such as Internet search engines can influence memory by playing the part of an external memory store that subsequently frees up room for cognitive processes and allows instant reviewing, termed offloading. However the underuse of the working memory has also led to worries over deterioration and loss of such a function if technology keeps increasing and allowing for such passing off of cognitive abilities. The cognitive functions could become lazy. However, technology such as Gaming has led to faster information processing due to quick decision making on the games which provides cognitive development and maintenance. Promoting knowledge using technology in classes and in educational settings also suggests that technology is encouraging cognitive developme nt. Finally, SNS do serve to a disadvantage to attention as they act as distractors on a daily basis within many settings. Nevertheless, the future of technology is clear in that it will keep increasing and occupying daily lifestyles and therefore, human cognition.

Unfounded Stereotypes and Stereotyping at State University Essay exampl

Unfounded Stereotypes at State University Choosing a college major is often a difficult and distressing task for many students. Most individuals attend college to obtain a career that will lead to wealth and success. When deciding on a major, students consider their main interests as well as the opportunities offered by particular fields of study. Many of these young adults, however, never consider that the decisions they make can determine their "status" at a university and can be the source of many generalizations by peers. Especially at the State University, certain majors are believed to be more credible than others. For example, those found in the fields of mathematics and science are perceived to be highly difficult and time consuming, and therefore command a great deal of respect in the college arena. On the other hand, majors found in Arts and Letters and Business are deemed to be quite a bit easier, less stressful, and as a result are often scorned. Because of these stereotypes, students of Arts and Letters and Busi ness command much less respect in the university and receive much less credit for academic accomplishments. In order to eliminate unfounded stereotypes, all majors at Notre Dame should be equally regarded because they reflect a student's interests and strengths rather than define his or her identity and intelligence. Upon arrival at the State University for freshman orientation, students are immediately sorted into categories. One's dorm provides the initial identity as students march to countless events chanting the cheers that have been handed down from upperclassmen. However, these stereotypes are all in fun and are rather temporary as the welcomes fade and all begin to feel a part of the student bo... ...etitive learning environment in which students would choose their majors based on their own interests and needs and would refrain from making so many judgments about the fields of their peers. While the solutions are not clear, the goals are, and once achieved would lead to a more enlightened community. Works Cited Bundick, Rachel. Personal Interview. 19 November 1998. Clayton, Mark. "Big Majors on Campus." Christian Science Monitor March. 1998: 1-6. Â   Gardner, H. Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice (169). New York: Basic Books (1993). Â   "How to Pick a College Major." USA Today Magazine Sept. 1997: 1-2. Â   Orndorff, Robert M., and Edwin L. Herr. "A Comparative Study of Declared and Undeclared College Students on Career Uncertainty and Involvement in Career Development Activities." Journal of Counseling & Development July, 1996: 1-17.

Female Education Essay

Napoleon once said â€Å"Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation. † This statement is enough to prove the importance of female education. Allah has created both man and woman equally. They are like the two sides of a coin. One is incomplete without the other. So, education cannot be the only possession of a single class or sex. Rather, it should be imparted equally to both men and women. Our religion has also made education compulsory for all. In the past, our women folk were confined within the four walls of home. Parents did not allow them to receive education and to participate in any outside work. Early marriage, religious misinterpretation and the narrowness of our outlook were mainly responsible for this. Parents thought it waste of time and money to educate their girls. They did not understand that if girl children were educated they could be as competent as male children. As our women folk constitute almost half of our total population, no real development is possible keeping them uneducated. On the other hand, an educated mother plays a very important role in making and shaping the character of her children. She knows well how to bring up her children, to educate them and to make them worthy. In domestic life, she can also extend her helping hand to her husband. So, there is no alternative to female education. It is a matter of great delight that women have started to come out of their cocoons. Being educated, they are joining a wide range of professions. They have been able to prove their abilities. So, the disadvantages of early marriage and religious misinterpretation must be removed. Our outlook about women must be changed. More schools and colleges for girls should be set up to spread female education. Recently the scenario of female education has started to change. Many socio-economic factors are responsible for this change. All possible facilities of female education have been extended. Education for girls up to degree level has been made free with a monthly stipend. This encourages them to continue their education. We should remember that only educated women can change the picture of our society. So, all of us should come forward to spread female education. The overall state of female education in Bangladesh is not yet satisfactory. In the past, women were in the boundary of their houses. They usually spent their time doing their household chores. They were deprived of education. But the situation has been changed now. Now-a-days, they are admitting into schools, colleges and universities. The rate of literacy in our country is about 60% whereas female literacy is about 40%. Female education is necessary for getting an educated nation. Because, an educated mother can give an educated nation. There are many advantages of female education. A child will never remain illiterate if his/her mother is educated. An educated woman can play various roles in the family. She can impart himself in different business and jobs. As a result, she can contribute to the family income. However, government should do something more to educate the female. â€Å"No need girl’s education, they are born only for taking care of their families†- this idea was stereotype in the early past of Bangladesh. The birth of a boy child was a blessing for the parents and a girl child was like a curse. It is a surprising matter that a girl child also comes like a boy child from mother’s womb and father’s blood but still that child is unexpected to her parents. In reality, a father and mother can never hate their children. Actually, the society made the rule to neglect the girl children. As Bangladesh is considers as a Muslim country, most of its population are Muslim. The Bangladeshi people thought that their religion had ordered them to keep their women and female children inside the house and keep them in safe. As a result, the parents always wanted a male child to earn for the family and protect their old age. From a theological research, it has found that the beliefs which were followed by our ancestors were based on wrong concepts. The holy books actually suggested keeping women in safe, not to confine them into four walls where they do not have any liberty. These books also suggested that a woman can even participate in the warfare if she is able to protect herself. Very slowly but the people started to change their mentality when they were becoming educated and started realizing that it was useless to achieve success without women as a mother is the first teacher of a child. If a mother is illiterate there is much possibility that the child will be uneducated. To cure this problem, Begum Rokeya, the pioneer of giving the light of education to the Muslim Bengali girls. This social movement of educating girls was very slow and at that time people were against of this blessed work. She kept patience and opened a girls’ school. She made people to understand about the benefit of the girl’s education by giving the religious points. Though it took time to convince people, it worked. People understood the necessity of the girls’ education and started sending their daughters into the school. This idea was so effective because a nation can have more achievements if the entire nation works together for success, not the half of the nation. The government also realized that this is an innovative idea and so the†¦ â€Å"It is the height of selfishness for men, who fully appreciate in their own case the great advantage of a good education, to deny these advantages to women. There is no valid argument by which the exclusion of the female sex from the privilege of education can be defended. It is argued that women have their domestic duties to perform and that, if they were educated, they would bury themselves in their books and have little time for attending to the management of their households. Of course, it is possible for women as it is for men to neglect work in order to spare more time for reading sensational novels. But women are no more liable to this temptation than men and most women would be able to do their household work the entire better for being able to refresh their minds in the intervals of leisure with a little reading. Nay, education would even help them in the performance of the narrowest sphere of womanly duty. For education involves knowledge of the means by which health may be preserved and enable a mother to consult such modern books as will tell her how to rear up her children into healthy men and women and skillfully nurse them and her husband, when disease attacks her household. Without education she will not be averse to listen, with fatal results, to the advice of superstitious quacks that pretend to work wonder by charms and magic. But, according to higher conception of women’s sphere, women ought to be something more than a household drudge. She ought to be able not merely to nurse her husband in sickness but also to be his companion in health. For this part of her wifely duty, education is necessary, for there cannot be congenial companionship between an educated husband and an uneducated wife who can converse with her husband on no higher subject than cookery and servant’s wages. Also, one of a mother’s highest duties is the education of her children at the time when their mind is not amenable to instruction. A child’s whole future life, to a large extent, depends on the teaching it receives in early childhood and it is needless to say that this first foundation of education cannot be well laid by an ignorant mother. On all these grounds female education is a vital necessity. Gender inequality in education is extreme. Girls are less likely to access school, to remain in school or to achieve in education. Education helps men and women claim their rights and realise their potential in the economic, political and social arenas. It is also the single most powerful way to lift people out of poverty. Education plays a particularly important role as a foundation for girls’ development towards adult life. It should be an intrinsic part of any strategy to address the gender-based discrimination against women and girls that remains prevalent in many societies. The following links will further explain the necessity of girls’/women’s education. Education is a right Cultural changes Better health and awareness Poverty reduction Education is a right Everybody has the right to education, which has been recognised since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The right to free and compulsory primary education, without discrimination and of good quality, has been reaffirmed in all major international human rights conventions. Many of these same instruments encourage, but do not guarantee, post-primary education. These rights have been further elaborated to address issues like quality and equity, moving forward the issue of what the right to education means, and exploring how it can be achieved. As a minimum: states must ensure that basic education is available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable for all. (4A scheme) The right of girls to education is one of the most critical of all rights – because education plays an important role in enabling girls and women to secure other rights. Cultural changes Cultural and traditional values stand between girls and their prospects for education. The achievement of girls’ right to education can address some of societies’ deeply rooted inequalities, which condemn millions of girls to a life without quality education – and, therefore, also all too often to a life of missed opportunities. Improving educational opportunities for girls and women helps them to develop skills that allow them to make decisions and influence community change in key areas. One reason for denying girls and women their right to an education is rarely articulated by those in charge: that is their fear of the power that girls will have through education. There is still some resistance to the idea that girls and women can be trusted with education. Education is also seen in some societies as a fear of change and now with globalization, the fear becomes even greater- fear to lose the cultural identity, fear of moving towards the unknown or the unwanted, fear of dissolving in the many others. Better health Basic education provides girls and women with an understanding of basic health, nutrition and family planning, giving them choices and the power to decide over their own lives and bodies. Women’s education leads directly to better reproductive health, improved family health, economic growth, for the family and for society, as well as lower rates of child mortality and malnutrition. It is also key in the fight against the spread of HIV & AIDS. Poverty reduction Educating girls and women is an important step in overcoming poverty. Inequality and poverty are not inevitable. â€Å"The focus on poverty reduction enables the right to education to be a powerful tool in making a change in the lives of girls and women. Poverty has been universally affirmed as a key obstacle to the enjoyment of human rights, and it has a visible gender profile. The main reason for this is the fact that poverty results from violations of human rights, including the right to education, which disproportionately affect girls and women. Various grounds of discrimination combine, trapping girls in a vicious downward circle of denied rights. Denial of the right to education leads to exclusion from the labour market and marginalisation into the informal sector or unpaid work. This perpetuates and increases women’s poverty. † Education is one of the basic human rights. Every human being has the right to be enlightened by the light of knowledge. But like other issues of our society, a gender inequality exists in receiving education which is enacted to the females. This unwanted practice is continuing still in our society and hinders the progress of our nation. In our country, because of some old superstitions and customs, girls are deprived from many facilities which are cashed in on by males. Education is one of those. The parents think not to invest money to their female children rather than to the males. And that’s why; women of our country still can’t lead a solvent, secured, independent life. A woman without any education can’t use her skills and brain in a proper way. Because of educational ignorance, she can’t differentiate the right and wrong and take any decision correctly. She can’t use the chances to uplift her condition. She can’t nurse her family and children properly. In total, an uneducated woman leads a disorganized life. These awful facts affect the society decisively. Almost half of the population remains inoperative, unskilled, and slapdash. It lags behind the whole nation economically, academically, commercially which will suffer the future generation. If the women-folk is educated, they can utilize their skill, knowledge and work hand in hand with men in all programs of development. They can be self-employed and be a source of man power by which they can support their family financially. They can analysis any situation and take the right decision and influence her family and society in the key areas through their useful thoughts. They will be conscious about early marriage, family planning, maternal mortality rate, child mortality etc. Besides, if a woman is educated, she can take care of her children perfectly. A mother exercises an undeniable influence in the formation of children’s character and shaping their future destination. Once Napoleon said, â€Å"Give me†¦ [continues] Essay Introduction: The history of progress of the human race is the history of education. Hence it is necessary for every person, man or woman, to be educated. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Women should be educated like men; otherwise there can be no peace or no progress. If you yoke an unbroken (untrained) horse with highly trained one, the carriage will be dashed to pieces sand the occupants’ lives will be destroyed. The family peace cannot be preserved with such ill-matched life-long companions. Need for Female Education: Napoleon was once asked what the greatest need of France was. He answered â€Å"Motherland’s National progress is impossible without trained and educated mothers. † If the women in any country are not educated about half the people in that country will be ignorant. The result is that such a country will not be able to go along with other nations in development and progress. A Controversy: There is a great controversy going on in India whether women should receive higher education or not. Orthodox people are in favor of female education, but they are opposed to given them high education. But this view does not sound well. If women are mentally fit to receive higher education there seems to be no reason why they should not be allowed to develop their mental faculties. There is other group of liberal people which in favor of the female education. To give them only the rudiments of knowledge while they are eager for advanced studies is to condemn them to a place of inferiority. Duties of Woman: A woman has to play three distinct parts in the course of her life in each of which certain duties are expected of her. If she is able to do these well she is worthy of being called perfect woman. It is only by the help of education that she can hope to be able to do them satisfactorily. The first duty of a woman is to be a good daughter. The second is to be a good wife. And the third is to be a good mother. Education†¦ [continues] Male Female Education Different people have different ideas and opinions as to whether it is more important to educate boys or girls. Some believe that the education of boys is more important than that of the girls, and meanwhile others disagree. In reality, the choice depends on what country, culture, or society we are talking about. In many nations including many Asian countries, tradition demands that men provide the family with income, food, clothing, etc., and women perform the usual household business such as cooking, cleaning, washing, and taking care of children. In such societies it seems logical that there is more stress on the priority of men’s education rather than women, since it is the male that requires the needed education to succeed, survive, and thrive. It is perceived in these countries that education is not of vital importance to women since they â€Å"are not† supposed to work outside the house, and that their primary duty is to take care of the family and kids. However in modern societies and nations, the situation differs. Now days more countries are inclined towards modernization. The general moral philosophy of these nations is equality amongst men and women; therefore, this means equal business, industrial, and occupational opportunities for both the men and women. Based on these facts, it is vital to put of equal stress on the education of men and women for this will insure that females and males perform their tasks professionally and adequately. In my opinion, the edification of men and women has to be equally emphasized because today’s technological and economical advanced world require fully educated, experienced, and versatile citizens regardless of their gender. And this can be only achieved through sufficient education of both men and women. The importance of today’s society is to improve the reaction time interview tested techniques of the oriental and occidental countries and continents. [continues].